Free Essays on Middle Women

The story â€Å"Middle Woman† is a contention between two characters that are battling for their lives. One of the characters is the lady and the other is the mythical serpent. Everything began when the center ladies took an excursion to see her sister’s house and in transit she met the mythical beast that conceded her three wishes. The center ladies have made her first wish, she wanted for the ranch to consistently have enough yields to take care of her family. The monster has ground her desire, when the center ladies return her family was no more. So she went to the winged serpent and disclosed to him he said since your family is gone you’ll never go hungry. The center ladies new what the mythical beast was up to so the subsequent wish was for everything to return a moment before she have gone out. The center lady currently recognizes what the monster is doing. The center ladies has said that she won’t utilize the desire on less she actually needs it so the center ladies have expected to make a desire yet has tackled the issues all alone so over the long haul the center ladies was getting old and exceptionally wiped out and was going to kick the bucket any day now. The winged serpent have visited her so she can utilize her last wish before she goes the center ladies disclosed to him that I have nothing to want for all that I needed has happen my family is glad I’m upbeat and that’s the only thing that is important, the mythical serpent was quite disturbed he advised her on the off chance that she makes a desire he will get mortal and he would bite the dust. The center ladies as my last wish I wish for you to carry on with a cheerful life and the individuals you meet however out your life would be glad to. As should be obvious, the center ladies has accomplished something great she wanted that the winged serpent will carry on with an upbeat life the manner in which she did. So toward the end the center ladies kicked the bucket cheerful and the mythical serpent lives for eternity.... Free Essays on Middle Women Free Essays on Middle Women The story â€Å"Middle Woman† is a contention between two characters that are battling for their lives. One of the characters is the lady and the other is the mythical serpent. Everything began when the center ladies took an excursion to see her sister’s house and in transit she met the mythical serpent that conceded her three wishes. The center ladies have made her first wish, she wanted for the homestead to consistently have enough yields to take care of her family. The mythical serpent has ground her desire, when the center ladies return her family was no more. So she went to the winged serpent and revealed to him he said since your family is gone you’ll never go hungry. The center ladies new what the monster was up to so the subsequent wish was for everything to return a moment before she have gone out. The center lady presently recognizes what the mythical beast is doing. The center ladies has said that she won’t utilize the desire on less she actually needs it so the center ladies have expected to make a desire yet has tackled the issues all alone so over the long haul the center ladies was getting old and wiped out and was going to bite the dust any day now. The mythical beast have visited her so she can utilize her last wish before she goes the center ladies revealed to him that I have nothing to want for all that I needed has happen my family is glad I’m cheerful and that’s the only thing that is in any way important, the monster was quite disturbed he advised her on the off chance that she makes a desire he will get mortal and he would pass on. The center ladies as my last wish I wish for you to carry on with an upbeat life and the individuals you meet however out your life would be glad to. As should be obvious, the center ladies has accomplished something great she wanted that the mythical serpent will carry on with an upbeat life the manner in which she did. So toward the end the center ladies kicked the bucket upbeat and the monster lives for eternity....

Organizational Behavior Management and Practice

Question: Examine about the Organizational Behavior Management and Practice. Answer: Presentation The intensity among the business association is expanding step by step and; along these lines, the organizations are concentrating on expanding their efficiency and long haul execution. The workers or the human asset assume a basic job in driving the exhibition of the business and improving association adequacy. Accordingly, business associations independent of their size attempt to hold their best representatives in the association. The business associations additionally attempt to construct associations with their workers and inspire them to turn out to be increasingly beneficial in their everyday life. They additionally create systems to expand the presentation of the representatives provided that they can't deal with their workforce appropriately they won't have the option to accomplish association objectives and hold their workers. Today, countless business associations are recognizing the significance of the human asset and understand that the worker not fulfilled or not propel led to with their occupations will break their relationship with the association and it won't have the option to accomplish achievement (Podmoroff, 2016). So as to persuade the workers, the business associations executes different budgetary and non-money related prize strategies.The money related prizes allude to the financial increases which lure the representatives to perform better. Cash is major to the business representative relationship. In a business association, the representatives progress in the direction of the points of the association and in its trade get money related advantages. Consequently, a business firm can utilize cash to rouse the workers. Notwithstanding, the viability of cash in rousing the workers to accomplish targets more than their customary focuses in unidentified. In such manner, in this paper, the effect of budgetary compensations in rousing the workers is investigated. The postulation proclamation of the paper is, regardless of whether money related prizes, which are principal of business relationship, can be viably utilized in rousing the workers. The executives Theories of Motivation In the twenty first century, the associations are endeavoring to accomplish their objectives and increment representative profitability. A few administration speculations have expressed that the representative inspiration is a basic factor in the association advancement and efficiency. Along these lines, the associations are concentrating on improving the worker profitability by expanding their inspiration level. The inspiration can be characterized as the mental procedure which coordinates the conduct and gives a reason to a person. It is the inclination of an individual wherein an individual carries on in a particular way to achieve the objectives and the association objectives (Daft and Marcic, 2010). There are a few administration speculations that focuses inspiration and express that there is a main thrust in every representative which should be distinguished and activated. The attribution hypothesis of inspiration expresses that the individuals put enormous endeavors if their endeavors will bring about charming results. Besides, on the off chance that the results of their endeavors will bring about high regard, at that point likewise the people will invest solid amounts of energy in their work. The psychological and the self-adequacy hypothesis express that the endeavors of the representatives are needy upon their desires with themselves and self-viability. The anticipation hypothesis expresses that an individual works harder in desire for certain awards for their endeavors. The conduct of the representatives can be both positive and negative ward upon the results of their presentation. On the off chance that the results of the undertaking are not spurring, at that point it is profoundly improbable that the individual will perform better. The psychological hypothesis expresses that the association culture assumes a basic job in the inspiration and commitment of the representatives. The individual workers are propel in the association is reliant upon the view of the representatives and in the event that they accept that the impetuses are deserving of their endeavors. The representatives will likewise be sure in the working environment on the off chance that they assume that the objectives are attainable to the (Javid and Chapa, 2014). The inspirational needs of the representatives can likewise be comprehended by Maslows pyramid of various leveled needs wherein the levels are physiological requirements, wellbeing and security needs, social needs, regard needs and the self-realization. As indicated by this hypothesis, the individuals want to move to another level once they have accomplished the past level. Appropriately, when the individuals begin winning cash to fulfill their essential needs and security needs, they want societal position, notoriety and acknowledgment. Alongside it, the worker inspiration can be ordered into characteristic and outward needs. The extraneous inspiration factor are the outer factors, for example, professional stability, compensation sum, working conditions, status of the representatives and adaptability and the worker well disposed strategies. In any case, these outer components can be classified as the negligible prerequisites that keep the customer fulfilled. It implies that on the off chance that these extraneous factors such are adequate, at that point they keep the workers from getting disappointed. In the event that the association keeps up the acceptable degree of these elements, the workers are not spurred to surpass their normal requests or necessities. Be that as it may, as opposed to it, there are a few variables which are critical which build up the exhibition of representatives. These are named as characteristic inspiration factors. These components incorporate acknowledgment, accomplishment, duty, development opportunity and obligation. The connection between the representative installment and the activity fulfillment is likewise exceptionally low and it turns out to be progressively unimportant in uninteresting assignments. In the errand, where the representatives are not persuaded by the work itself, the money related compensation is adversely corresponded with the inborn inspiration of the workers. In addition, the representatives inspired by the money related components are less inclined to perform better than those workers who are propelled by the work itself. Despite the fact that cash is a sort of inspiration and fulfills the fundamental needs of the workers, it can't propel the representatives to build their efficiency. A positive workplace can be set up by upgrading the employer stability and straightforwardness in the workplace (Kulchmanov and Kaliannan, 2014). Effect of Monetary Remuneration The connection between the business and the workers is described by the money related and the financial prizes and their trade. The representatives work to accomplish the points and of the association and consequently get financial prizes. The money related prizes are likewise corresponded with the development needs and the estimation of the representative. They are a significant propelling variable in the inspiration of the workers; in any case, there are a few different components which are related with keeping the representative persuaded, for example, the association culture and the development possibilities of the individual in that specific association. The effect of the compensation or the money related prizes is additionally extraordinary as it creates various feelings in various workers. In some culture, the individuals recognize and relate their value in understanding to their riches. By and large, the business associations reward their workers as far as their rank and relationship with the association, work status, competency and the presentation in the association. The diverse sort of budgetary prizes are related with various returns, for example, rewards related with rank are expected to diminish the turnover, and the prizes dependent on the activity status are planned to propel the workers to contend and get profitable. In any case, the position based rewards likewise diminish the turnover of the workers with most minimal profitability. Alongside it, the prizes related with the activity status urge the workers to inside contend which make association legislative issues (Wilton, 2016). These days, the associations are likewise beginning to give competency based awards to propel the workers to expand their exhibition. It incorporates expanding work environment adaptability to keeps the representatives inspired. Nonetheless, the competency based prizes builds generally speaking expense of the organization as the appraisal was absolutely emotional and the representatives invest energy in the securing of new aptitudes. The money related prizes are pivotal in rousing the representatives right off the bat in their vocation. In the monetary prizes, the cash spent legitimately by the organization in rousing the workers is higher than other non-money related prizes. The monetary prizes given by the organization can be sorted into money reward and the pay climbs. The general pay and the remuneration offered to the representatives are central point in keeping the workers roused. The motivators or the money reward is extra installment or money paid on the standard compensation to urge the workers to accomplish the companys objectives (Stephens, 2005). The rewards are helpful for the representatives just as the business as the workers get extra cash while the business gets the best execution. The compensation climb is done on more than one occasion per year to hold the skilled and senior representatives inside the association. The level of the yearly raise is explicit to an association and is reliant upon the presentation, deals and reliability of the representatives. For the most part, the raises are a level of the yearly pay and furthermore connected with the advancement of the workers. Another money related prize is commission which is legitimately connected with the exhibition of the workers. The commission is typically given to the individuals in deals and sums to the measure of deals finished. The commission helps the representatives to makes however much deals as could be expected to build their bonus. The workers escape their approach to build the deals thus to expand their salary. The organizations additionally select the workers with high advantages bundle. The advantages bundle of the orga

February updates

February updates Hello! I wanted to take this opportunity to provide an update on the admissions process. We have received approximately 15,600 applications for freshman admission this year. As you can see on the admissions statistics page, this represents an increase of more than 2,000 applications; this is a record number. With so many excellent applicants this year, it will be hard to choose. We have begun selection committee meetings. Thus, it is too late for any supplemental materials to be considered by the selection committee. However, an admissions officer will continue to review anything you send in as a supplement. I think it is important to remember, however, that if you have completed your application, we have everything that we need to make a decision on your case. The Application Tracking System on MyMIT is no longer available. We are still processing midyear grades. If we are missing your midyear grades, and they have not yet been processed, and we have a question about your academic performance, we will be calling your school to get them. For other students whose grades have been consistent, we will make a decision on the case; when the midyear grades later come in, we will review them, and the decision will be reviewed if there is an aberration in the midyears. At this time, due to the continued processing of midyear grades, calling to check on the status of your midyear grade report is not necessary. We do no yet have a set date for the release of admissions decisions. When we know, I promise you we will announce that date here on the website. We are aiming for mid-March but there is not yet a target date. Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. I hope this update is helpful!

Hiroshima- John Hersey Essay - 928 Words

FARA EHSAN Hiroshima ‘Hiroshima is not merely a documentary, Hersey manages to inject into the narrative both compassion and awareness of the ultimate triumph of humanity.’ Discuss Hiroshima from this perspective. Hiroshima is an historic depiction of a disaster that shocked the world. Utilizing the experiences of six Japanese atomic bomb survivors Hersey expresses compassion and awareness of the city’s triumph over the disaster. The narrative creates compassion by showing perseverance of common people and their journeys to overcome the tragedy. By using the patriotism of the dying victims Hersey creates empathy and outlines the nation’s indefatigable pride, He depicts Hiroshima’s triumph as a community uniting together to help†¦show more content†¦Hersey painted a dark and disastrous image, yet as a result, contrasted and portrayed the high points of humanity. Father Kleinsorge, a priest of the Society of Jesus, felt that he was an outsider prior to the bomb, yet after the bomb he was filled with gratitude for the cities new found acceptance: ...she came to him and said... These are tea leaves. Chew them, young man, and you wont feel thirsty. The womans gentleness made Father Kleinsorge suddenly want to cry. For weeks, he had been feeling oppressed by the hatred of foreigners...(p 70). The enemies’ intention to tear the city apart emotionally and physically backfired as it left the city stronger and united. One feeling they did seem to share†¦ was a curious kind of elated community spirit†¦ pride in the way they and their fellow-survivors had stood up to a dreadful ordeal(p114). Hiroshima raised awareness of the Japanese people’s indestructible spirit even when their city lay in ruins they would not be defeated and stayed strong. John Hersey’s Hiroshima gives a simple insight into one of the most devastating tragedy which creates compassion and awareness of Japans’ ultimate triumph of humanity. Hersey was able to use the perseverance of everyday people battling the effects of the atomic bomb to create compassion. In addition to this, he was able to express the importance ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hiroshima, by John Hersey 942 Words   |  4 PagesTanimoto â€Å"†¦ Found a good-sized pleasure punt drawn up on the bank†¦ five dead men, nearly naked, badly burned†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hersey, 37) near it, he â€Å"†¦ lifted the men away from the boat†¦ he experienced such horror at disturbing the dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hersey, 37). On August 6, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to end the war between them. Hiroshima, by John Hersey is a book about six survivors of the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a city. The six survivors te ll theirRead MoreEssay on Hiroshima by John Hersey1446 Words   |  6 PagesHiroshima by John Hersey The non-fiction book Hiroshima by John Hersey is an engaging text with a powerful message in it. The book is a biographical text about lives of six people Miss Sasaki, Dr. Fujii, Mrs. Nakamura, Father Kleinsorge, Dr. Sasaki and Rev. Tanimoto in Hiroshima, Japan and how their lives completely changed at 8:15 on the 6th of August 1945 by the dropping of the first atomic bomb. The author, John Hersey, through his use of descriptive language the in book Hiroshima exposesRead MoreHiroshima Book Review Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Herseys journalist narrative, Hiroshima focuses on the detonation of the atomic bomb, Little Boy, that dropped on the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Although over one hundred thousand people died in the dropping of the bomb, there were also several survivors. John Hersey travelled to Hiroshima to listen to the experiences of six survivors. Hersey uses his book to tell the story of six of these survivors (spanning from the morning the bomb fell to forty years later) through a compilationRead MoreHiroshima, By John Hersey996 Words   |  4 PagesHersey, John. Hiroshima. New York: n.p., 1946. Print. Before John Hersey’s novel, Hiroshima, Americans viewed Japanese as cruel and heartless people. This warped perspective caused the majority of American citizens to feel complacent about the use of the atomic bomb against civilians. Americans, in many ways, were blinded by their own ignorance to notice the severity of the destruction suffered by not only the city of Hiroshima but, more importantly, the people who lived there. The six testimonies

Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself - 1191 Words

Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† Walt Whitman was an American poet born in May 31, 1819 in New York, and he died in March 26, 1892 in New Jersey. He grew up going to school in separate facilities from people of color, so he was growing up along with the nation. He was self-taught by exploring things for himself, for example, going to the museums when he could. Whitman as a young boy alternated from being in the city to being in the countryside with his grandparents. He was exposed to be being self-reliant at a young age. His writings were influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson, which lead him to having a collection of unnamed poems, and one of them was â€Å"Song of Myself†. In Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"Song of Myself†, Whitman managed to express†¦show more content†¦During this movement, the history of the nation was changing. There was slavery and many different cultures from different individuals in the nation. By looking at Walt Whitmanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s â€Å"Song of Myself† poem, the reader can better understand why he came to have his point of views while discovering who he was during this era based off the changing culture in the nation, the religious views towards nature, and the social views on equality among people. In the 1820’s, the nation’s culture was changing because of the Transcendentalism movement influence. In the poem, Whitman begins with â€Å"I celebrate myself, and sing myself† (Whitman, 1330). During this time, the movement was influencing the culture which is shown by Whitman’s first sentence in his poem. The Transcendentalism movement â€Å"took a concern for self-culture, a sense of moral seriousness . . . a tendency toward individualism, a belief in the importance of literature, and an interest in moral reform† (Grodzins). Self-culture is the idea of being self-aware of what ideas to live by which is reflected in Whitman’s poem. Around this time, ther e was a sense of nationalism because of the immigration that was occurring and the expansion of the nation. This idea of self-culture lead to a different views on religion. There were different religions then, since one of the main points of the new nation was to have freedom of religion. This movement allowed for the culture to be more about

Business Strategies Success of McDonald Free Essays

Social responsibility is the concept that business is part of the larger society in which it exists and must therefore act in a way that not only advances the firm, but also serves the society. More than ever firms are being challenged to integrate social responsibilities in to their operations. Many firms now believe that social responsibility to be a lot more than granting money to community groups or volunteering their time to organizations – although these are both important ways that firms support the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Strategies Success of McDonald or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, business leaders recognize that a commitment to corporate social responsibility can provide distinct advantage in attracting and retaining employees, dealing with suppliers and regulators, strengthening customer relationships and providing positive returns for investors. Let us take a look at some of the social responsibility issues and analyze how businesses are showing their social responsibility. Around the world there are lots of environmental concerns that challenge companies to be better global citizens. Leading companies know that taking a strong role in protecting the environment improves the efficiency of operations and saves money, making a positive impact on business partners, customers and investors. Let us see how socially responsible companies are responding to the environmental concerns. Delphi Automotive Systems is dedicated to protecting human health, natural resources and the global environment. For Delphi, a commitment to environmental management is a critical business strategy. Delphi has certified 15 of its global manufacturing sites under ISO 14001, a global standard that recognizes facilities that have systems in place to proactively manage and reduce their environmental impact. The company is working toward earning this certification for all 168 of its manufacturing facilities around the world over the next three years. John Jaffurs, director, Delphi environmental services, states, â€Å"We want to formally integrate our environmental management into the goals of the business. Delphi is using ISO 14001 and other tools as a means of creating a total environmental management system. This will allow us to integrate operational environmental issues directly into future planning. † Delphi’s involvement in reducing the automobile’s environmental impact began more than 30 years ago with the introduction of the first catalytic converters. Delphi works to reduce emissions, increase fuel economy, decrease vehicle mass and enhance the recyclability of its products. Delphi also believes that the reduction or elimination of materials can go far in helping the environment. Delphi’s E-STEER Electric Power Steering reduces the number of seals and totally eliminates the power steering fluid, hoses and pump from the power steering system. In 1995, 75 percent of all cars sold (approximately 27 million) were equipped with traditional power steering and carried an estimated 40 million liters of hydraulic fluid. This new technology can result in a significant reduction in raw materials, which means less material to recycle or dispose after the life of the product. E-STEER also reduces energy demand by up to 80 percent, resulting in improved fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. E-STEER received the 1999 PACE (Premier Automotive Suppliers’ Contribution of Excellence) award from Automotive News and Ernst Young LLP, which recognizes automobile suppliers who have excelled in adapting and reinventing their companies and their products to meet the growing demands of their customers — the world’s major automotive manufacturers. E-STEER is just one example of the many innovative product technologies Delphi can offer to provide environmental solutions to its customers. According to the American Lung Association, motor vehicle emissions account for approximately 77 ercent of the carbon monoxide (CO), more than 35. 6 percent of the volatile organic compounds (including hydrocarbons) and around 45 percent of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) in our nation’s air. With this in mind, car manufacturers like GM, Ford and Honda are now producing and marketing cleaner-burning cars powered by electricity, alternate fuels or a combination of the two. Environmentalists like to refer to these as â€Å"green cars† because they represent an environmentally responsible way to travel in style. Politicians, on the other hand, have begun to see the potential for addressing larger issues. Earlier this year, Representative Robert T. Matsui (D-CA) introduced legislation that would give up to $5,000 per year in consumer tax credits to people with green cars. With this in mind, GM came up with its environment friendly â€Å"EV1†, Ford with its â€Å"Ranger† and Honda with its â€Å"Insight†. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), the nation’s largest electricity producer, has announced that it will begin test-marketing alternative energy sources as early as next year. As phase one of the TVA’s Green Power Program, the test will utilize wind, solar and landfill gas energy sources to generate roughly three to six megawatts of power. Eight distributors, representing all seven of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association’s districts, have agreed to participate in the test. If the test is successful, TVA customers could see full-scale implementation by the end of 2003. The Green Power Program is the first of its kind in the Southeast. In related news, the TVA received word June 18 that the Department of Energy (DOE) has approved a proposal from the Virginia Alliance for Solar Electricity (VASE) to provide matching funding for the Green Power Program. The TVA’s marketing plan for Green Power represents the fruits of an alternate energy initiative that began in January 1998. At that time, the TVA solicited and received 22 proposals for adding renewable electricity generators to its energy production facilities. Initial research also revealed that 84 percent of TVA customers favored a green power option. In the fall of 1998, the TVA held seven public forums that further confirmed the need for a Green Power. Participants included several members of the environmental community, utility executives, energy experts, healthcare organizations and representatives from citizens’ groups. After the forums, the TVA formed the â€Å"multi-interest team† that was eventually responsible for the 2000 test-marketing plan. As the association of U. S. shareholder-owned electric utilities, Edison Electric Institute (EEI) works with key stakeholder groups, including regulators, legislators and member companies, to achieve environmental excellence. EEI’s Climate Challenge program is a voluntary effort created in partnership with the Department of Energy in response to concerns about global climate change, says spokesman Jim Owen. To date, more than 600 electric utilities participate in the program, which means they have pledged to sequester or avoid 170 million metric tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the year 2000. This is more than four times the original goal established by the government in 1993. While some Climate Challenge efforts are undertaken by individual utilities, there are five industry-wide initiatives in place as well. These include Envirotech Investment Funds, which provide venture capital for emerging renewable technologies; the Utility Forest Carbon Management program, which funds tree planting and forest management projects; the National Earth Comfort Program, which promotes geothermal heat pumps; EV America, which introduces electric vehicles into the marketplace; and International Utility Efficiency Partner-ships, which support joint projects with foreign utilities and governments to provide efficiency of new or existing power systems. According to the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, electric utilities represent almost 85 percent of the voluntary actions to reduce, avoid or sequester greenhouse gases. In addition, electric utilities have made significant progress in restoring aquatic habitats, protecting endangered species and generating renewable energy, says Owen Bridging the gap between school and work is another critical link that companies are focusing on. The national organization Jobs for the Future (JFF) was founded in 1983 to help prepare tomorrow’s workforce and smooth the transition from school to work. Ford†s Contribution in developing tomorrow’s workforce Ford Foundation, is an initiative that seeks to create a measurable increase in jobs, wealth, services and other community infrastructure through increased corporate involvement in community economic development. JFF works with the initiative’s many partners, whose collective experience and expertise cover community and economic development, national and international business and education to achieve these goals. One of JFF’s major corporate partners is the Ford Motor Company. The two organizations have developed a relationship in which they exchange expertise and experience that allow both to enhance their individual programs. â€Å"In today’s rapidly changing economy, schools alone cannot effectively prepare young people for a successful future,† explains Hilary Pennington, president of Jobs for the Future. â€Å"Academic standards are only part of the equation. Young people need the chance to apply what they’ve learned to new situations, and what happens in the real world is hard to simulate in school. We try to build partnerships between companies and schools to give kids opportunities to expand their learning experience. The Ford program is a splendid example of this type of partnership. † Ford has created several innovative education initiatives that â€Å"are helping us create a pipeline — for employees and suppliers, as well as a consumer base for our products,† says Renee Lerche, director, workforce development, Ford Motor Company. For example, the Ford Academy of Manufacturing Sciences (FAMS) is an academic- and work-based program in public high schools. The program’s goals are to provide students the opportunity to learn science, math, technology and communications skills in real-life settings and encourage them to pursue secondary education. Ford trains high school teachers, who teach the manufacturing-oriented courses to 11th or 12th grade students (participants take two courses through Ford each year). An internship during the summer between 11th and 12th grade provides work experience as well. The program serves as a way not only to attract future employees to Ford, says Lerche, but also as a way to draw customers for its cars and trucks. We don’t have concrete evidence that if you do these things, people buy your products. However, these activities do influence perception of our commitment to the communities in which we do business,† says Lerche. Issues such as environmental protection, education and community support are critical to companies that want to gain the trust and loyalty of their constituents. The companies profiled here understand that corporate social responsibility offers clear business benefits for all stakeholders. How to cite Business Strategies Success of McDonald, Essay examples

The Italian Rennaisance Essays - Architecture, Visual Arts

The Italian Rennaisance The Rennaisance The fluorishing of arts and sciences literally rebirth, the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, the decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and the invention or application of such potentially powerful innovations as paper, printing, the mariner's compass, and gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. The Renaissance as a unified historical period ended in 1527 because of strains between Christian faith and classical humanism... It was in art that the spirit of the Renaissance achieved its sharpest formulation. Art came to be seen as a branch of knowledge, valuable in its own right and capable of providing man with images of God and his creations as well as with insights into man's position in the universe. In the hands of men like Leonardo da Vinci it was even a science, a means for exploring nature and a record of discoveries. Art was to be based on the observation of the visible world and practiced according to mathematical principles of balance, harmony, and perspective, which were developed at this time. In the works of painters such as Masaccio, the brothers Lorenzetti, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Perugino, Piero della Francesca, Raphael, and Titian; sculptors such as Pisano, Donatello, Verrocchio, Ghiberti, and Michelangelo; and architects such as Alberti, Brunelleschi, Palladio, Michelozzo, and Filarete, the dignity of man found expression in the arts. [Renaissance art] encouraged a revival of naturalism, seen in Italian 15th-century painting and sculpture, and of classical forms and ornament in architecture, such as the column and round arch, the tunnel vault, and the dome. Ornamental gardens exemplified by the Italian Villa Transformation of the small courtyard garden into an area of magnificent splendor. Typical components of an Itallian Villa indigenous evergreen shrubs and trees stone walls and buildings sculpture and water features Supreme blend of architecture and the landscape: the merger of geometric form with natural setting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Beyond the Renaissance The Renaissance, with its expanding economic activity, increase in wealth by more people led to a renewed interest in horticultural activities, such as gardening, as a form of creative display and not just for utilitarian purposes. The resurgence in recreational gardening coincided with increased interest in the plants themselves. This led to the initiation of modern botanical science. An important contributor to knowledge of and interest in plants was Carolus Clusius (Charles de l'Ecluse) who introduced the tulip and other bulbous plants to Holland. From these beginnings, The Netherlands has become now a premier producer and exporter of horticultural products. As interest in plants grew, both from a botanical and horticultural perspective, exploreres throughtout the known world sent new and interesting plants to Botanical Gardens in Padua, Italy; Oxford and Kew, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; and Leiden, Holland. These gardens became great centers of scientific learning and as well as of horticultural practice. These explorers represent a major movement that grew out of the Renaissance and that transformed Western Europe and the world: The Age of Discovery. Many new plants in Europe came from the New World; some, such as Virginia creeper, goldenrod, Sweetgum, Staghorn Sumac, and flowering Dogwood came from the American Colonies. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Return to the Chronology of Horticulture Arts Essays

Photosynthesis Formal Lab Report Essays

Photosynthesis Formal Lab Report Essays Photosynthesis Formal Lab Report Paper Photosynthesis Formal Lab Report Paper This captured energy is used to convert carbon dioxide into complex energy-rich molecules that can be used by themselves or other organisms. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic molecules. (Russell, Wolfe, Hertz, Starr, 2010). Photosynthesis can be categorized into two main processes: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. For the purpose of this lab, light- dependent reactions will be investigated. The reactants involved in photosynthesis include carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce glucose, oxygen, and water. The light reactions involve the capture and use of light energy by pigment molecules to synthesize NADIA and AT P. Plants use this light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. The glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in the chloroplasts of cells. Glucose in the form of starch is non-polar and is not soluble in water, allowing it to be stored much more compactly. The chloroplast is formed from an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an intermediate compartment. The aqueous environment within the inner membrane is called the stoma. Within the stoma is the ayatollahs, which are flattened, closed sacs. It is in these sacs that the specific molecules required to carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are contained, including the pigments, electron transfer carriers, and the TAP syntheses enzymes for TAP production. A pigment is able to absorb photons of light and differ by the wavelengths of light they can absorb. The amount of energy in a photon is inversely related to its wavelength. Blue light has a shorter wavelength and consists of photons that have higher energy than the longer wavelength red light. When photons of light hit an object, they can be reflected off the object, transmitted through the object or absorbed by the object. The absorption of light by a pigment results in electrons becoming excited and moving to a higher energy state. Color is determined by the wavelengths that it cannot absorb, therefore chlorophyll is green since it does not absorb green light. If a pigment absorbs all wavelengths of visible light, the object appears black. A large variety of pigments can be found in plants. The most common are chlorophyll a and b and carotids, located in he chloroplasts of cells, and anticyclones, located in the cell vacuoles and do not contribute to photosynthesis. Each of these pigments has different properties and performs different functions for the plant, including absorbing light in different parts of the spectrum. The more light absorbed equals the more energy available for a plant. The pigment molecules that can be found in plants are specifically arranged in and around photometers that are embedded in the ethylated membranes of chloroplasts. Each contains a reaction centre surrounded by an antenna complex. Light from the sun travels into the holocaust and goes through the antenna pigment. The energy trapped by the antenna complex is funneled to the reaction centre, called IPPP, where it is used to oxidize a chlorophyll molecule and donate an electron to a primary acceptor molecule to continue into carbon fixation to ultimately release glucose sugar (Oracle Thinkers, 2010). The reaction centers are named after the wavelength (in manometers) of their red-peak absorption maximum. Most plant parts, especially leaves, contain some combination of the three main pigments, even if only one is especially obvious. It is possible to separate these segments from each other using a technique called paper chromatography. In this process, plant tissue extract is applied to a piece of chromatography paper. A solvent is allowed to travel up the paper, and if the pigment is soluble in the solvent, it will be carried along with it. (Benny, 2009) Different pigments have different affinities for the solvents or polarity and will travel at different rates. Chlorophyll, anticyclones, and carotids are typically non-polar. For lab 12, it is hypothesized that chlorophyll a and b are present in a plant leaf and contribute to the starch production in photosynthesis. Also, products of photosynthesis will be present in leaf tissue exposed to red and blue light wavelengths for sever al days, but a decreased presence in leaf tissue exposed to green and black light wavelengths. In lab 13, it is expected that since chlorophyll a and b are more polar and smaller molecules than the anticyclones and carotids, they will travel higher up the chromatography paper than the other pigments. Materials and Methods Lab 12 In the first part of this laboratory experiment, a multi-colored leaf was removed from a Coleus plant that was in direct sunlight for several hours. The hypothesized results for which pigments were present and the results of an kill starch test were then recorded. A boiling alcohol bath was set up, which consisted of a IL beaker containing mall of water on a hot plate, and a mall beaker containing mall of 80% ethyl alcohol inserted into the larger water beaker. The water was brought to a slow boil and the leaf was placed into the boiling alcohol solution in order to extract the pigments. When the leaf became almost white, the leaf was removed, placed into a Petri dish, and covered with distilled water. KAKI solution was added to the distilled water until a pale amber lour was obtained. The leaf produced a purple-black color in some areas which show a positive test for starch. In the second part of the lab, part of a leaf was taken from a germanium plant that had been covered for several days with different color filters: blue, green, red, and black. In order to differentiate between the leaves taken from different filters, the black filter leaf had one notch taken from leaf, the green had 2 notches, the red had 3 notches, and the blue had 4 notches. The leaves were then place into the alcohol bath that was used in the first experiment. When the leaves became mostly white, they were removed using forceps, placed into a Petri dish, and rinsed and covered with distilled water. Kill was added to the distilled water until an amber color was achieved. The observation of the reaction of the leaves with the kill after 5 minutes was then recorded. See appendix for original lab report. Lab 13 In this laboratory experiment, pieces of spinach leaves were mashed in a mortar and pestle in order to extract the plants pigments. These pigments were transferred to a piece of chromatography paper with a marked pencil line CM room the bottom by means of a capillary tube. The chlorophyll pigment was allowed to dry and was re-applied 5 times, drying between each application. The chromatography paper rolled and stapled and was placed into a jar containing a petroleum ether and acetone solvent. The chromatography was allowed to proceed until the solvent reached about CM from the top. The paper was removed and examined for separations of pigments. See appendix for original lab report. The control for the overall experiment was the original leaf taken from the Coleus plant in lab 12, both before and after the 121

Examples of a Personal Statement for Your Success!

Examples of a Personal Statement for Your Success! Personal Statement as a Step towards Your Future Probably you have already met the term ‘personal statement’, when reading college requirements for an application form. Together with a statement of purpose, it is a compulsory part of your application, which makes it very important and should be taken seriously. We understand how tempted students are to complete the form as soon as possible, but it is important to focus on every stage, avoiding the most common mistakes, which students do day after day. Once you understand what to write about, it will be much easier to write your personal statement. Definition of a personal statement Personal statement greatly differs from other papers you need to submit when entering a college. That is why it may greatly puzzle you at first, even if you are an experienced student. Personal statement is a paper, where you need to explain why you can become a valuable member of the college’s community and to tell about your personality. Personal statement also has other names, which include a personal essay, admission essay, reflective essay and sometimes even a narrative essay. Despite the chosen term, your main goal is to describe your potential, goals, hopes and dreams, which make you the best candidate for the chosen college. When you work on a personal statement, you need to prove that your values, academic background and non-educational aspects impact your academic success. There are no common rules for a personal statement, so you can show your creativity and ideas when working on the paper. However, you should always stick to the rules and requirements, provided by the college or university. College statement types When it comes to writing, you won’t find a single form for all types of assignments. Personal statement is not an exception and has two main types to offer: Comprehensive/ general personal statement. It gives the applicant maximum freedom concerning the things you are willing to discuss. It is also called an open-topic essay and doesn’t have any requirements other than formatting peculiarities, indicated by the college. Basically, through this type of a personal statement you need to represent yourself in the best way; Answer on a certain question. When you are asked to deliver such type of a personal statement, you will also be given a question to answer. It will reflect your skills, knowledge, experience, future plans, etc. In addition, personal statements can be divided into college, undergraduate and programs ones. Personal statement for college Such personal statements are usually delivered through an essay. This admission essay type is more complicated and advanced. In most of the cases, you will have to answer a certain question, because a graduate should already possess independent thinking and have an opinion on the most complicated issues. By the time you graduate, you are expected to think critically and have life experience. This means that you possess a clear understanding of what you are willing to study and how a particular program can help you in achieving your goals. Don’t forget that most programs provide financial assistance if a student returns to the institution for researching or teaching. This explains why most personal statements of graduates contain interests of the applicant in a professional and academic field, rather in a personal one. Undergraduate personal statement When undergraduate students are asked to write application essays they usually need to deliver general statements. This means that you can write about anything and pick a topic, which will reflect your personality and motivation in the best light. So why undergraduate students usually write open-topic essays and not an answer to a specific question? The reason is simple: high school graduates still lack experience and don’t have a clear picture of what they want to do after college. They are open to new skills and knowledge, so giving a response on a particular topic may not be the most suitable option. For an undergraduate personal statement, the best option will be to show how the student is exploring own personality and the world around. Students need to describe what makes them passionate, how they interact with others and whether they are willing to contribute to society. Personal statement writing Every day thousands of thoughts run through our minds, but when it comes to writing we can feel a lack of ideas and inspiration. Everything becomes even more complicated when you know that your future college admission depends on the quality of your writing. However, you shouldn’t feel desperate, because there are tips and advice, which will make it much easier to write a personal statement even if you are out of ideas! Personal statement is not a regular high school or college assignment, which you complete just to get a grade and move on. It requires lots of devotion, analysis and critical thinking. You need to understand your own dreams, hopes, passions and background in order to deliver a great essay. To simplify the process just follow our guidelines: Take enough time to understand what information you want to render or how to give an answer to the required question; Start working on the first draft without thinking about possible mistakes and length of the essay. Just write down everything that comes to your mind; Don’t be in a hurry. Make sure you have enough time to complete every stage step-by-step without a necessity to write your personal statement in a day; Make sure you have a dictionary nearby. It will help you to choose the most proper words and show how good your vocabulary skills are; Always concentrate on your strong sides but provide clear examples instead of simply talking about how good you are; Never compare your statement to those of others. Every student has own perception of the world, experience and skills; Read the statement aloud to detect its weak points. Personal statement structure It is not a secret that at least half of your statement’s success lays in proper formatting. That is why you need to follow the common outline really carefully. Brief introduction You should always start your admission essay with an introduction, which gives brief information about your motivations and interests. Introduction is a paragraph, which aims to catch the attention of readers, motivate them to learn more about your personality. In a personal statement, introduction acts as a hook. Achievements and academic interests It doesn’t matter whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate: you already have an academic experience to share. Always focus on facts without exaggerating anything. Write about your achievements, interests and plans for your future education and career. If you are a graduate student, you can briefly describe interesting classes you have taken and professors you have had. Background experience If you are asked to write an essay on a free topic, you should devote a paragraph to your background experience, which had a solid impact on your education and life. However, it shouldn’t be related to your school or college life. Out-of-class activities You may think that this section is about your hobbies, but actually it must focus on activities, which are still associated with the chosen field. You can include information about your volunteering projects, activities outside of school and other fields, which contributed to choosing a particular program or college. Publications and other accomplishments In case you have any publications, here is a section to mention them. However, this paragraph is mostly created for graduates, who already have researched to discuss. Why you have chosen a particular program or college It is always a good idea to tell the board why you decided to stop your search on the particular program and college if you didn’t add such information to the introductory section. Conclusion Finish your statement with a paragraph, which summarizes your strong sides and explains why you are a perfect fit for the chosen college or program. Your conclusion should be strong and make a great impression on the committee! What makes a great personal statement Now, when you know the key requirements to the format and content of your personal statement, it is the right time to get familiar with general tips: Remain natural and enthusiastic, remembering about your personal style; Make sure your humor is appropriate. The board may not have a similar sense of humor, so you may only harm yourself; Decide what message you are willing to render and work on it; Always include examples; Try not to be general; If possible, avoid controversial subjects and comments, because you don’t know who will be reading your statement; Once your first draft is ready, you need to proofread and edit it to make sure it meets all of the requirements and the necessary word count. Elements of a personal statement If you want your statement to grab the attention of the committee, it should contain the following elements: Explanation of why you are willing to take the chosen course; Evidence, which demonstrates that you meet all of the necessary criteria and have researched the profession and course; Details on how you have grown your interest in a subject outside the class; Explanation why you have chosen their college to continue education; Tell about your experience, explaining what you have learned and how it helped to grow your interest in the chosen field; Demonstration of transferable skills; Acknowledgment of your critical thinking; Brief enumeration of your goals. Apart from knowing what to include to your personal statement, don’t forget about the things you shouldn’t do: Never copy-paste parts of your older personal statements; Don’t include irrelevant data or too personal details; Avoid clichà ©s; Meaningless lists; Complicated expressions; Negative excuses and comments; Claims without any proofs. Examples of a personal statement Success of your personal statement always depends on a careful topic selection and in lots of practice. The more time you devote to writing such an essay, the simpler it will be for you to write your personal statement in future. Below you will find examples of statements for graduate and undergraduate levels. Examples of college personal statements topics Why are you willing to enter a graduate program? How it interlinks with your career aspirations? What are your admission qualifications? Picture your career in a five years time; What events or experiences grew your interest in the chosen program? The biggest professional challenges you are facing at the moment and how the chosen program can help in overcoming them? Sample #1 When we see a teenager, carrying a journal we usually think that he or she has things to hide. For me, a journal means much more and helps to put all of the emotions into words. I remember one day at school when I experienced hundreds of emotions at once. In a moment I was bored and then angry, filled with hopes and despair at the same time. That is when I decided to start a journal. For less than an hour, I wrote five poems. I read them carefully over and over again and felt proud that I was able to turn negative emotions into creativity. Starting from that day I carried my journal with me anywhere I went. It gave me a feeling of security and peace, and I knew that even if I didn’t have the inspiration to write, I could reread my stories and poems. In some way my journal helped me to overcome emotions and curb them. However, any time I took it out, my classmates were trying to see what was inside. At first, I was hiding the journal in my bag, but as I grew more confident, I started offering them to read my poems or write their own if they wanted to. I changed my thoughts about owning such a journal, when I saw how much happier people became, when I was giving them my journal. Very soon my book became a common possession and contained emotions of different people. My classmates trusted me and expressed themselves through poems, songs, drawings and stories. Many of them were so inspired that decided to start their own journals. That is when I realized that owning a journal could have a therapeutic effect. Having that book gave me a feeling that I was capable of everything, I could achieve anything I wanted to and that made me feel great! Journalism  had a great influence on my life, so I want to major Media and Communication to make my own thoughts and thoughts of people to be heard worldwide. I am ready to be the person, who transmits others’ emotions, shares them with the society and helps to transform negativism into something bright and positive. That is why I love journalism  so much! Any time I feel like there are too many emotions and thoughts in my head, I put them on paper and express myself in any way I want. I never thought that such a simple experience may change my whole life. For some people, journalism  can be a clichà ©, but for me, it is a whole new world, which helps me to remain focused, sane and open to the world. Examples of undergraduate personal statements topics Tell about the event or achievement that lead to your personal growth and understanding of your personality; Discuss the time, when you had to face a certain challenge. What impact it had on you and what lessons you have learned from it? Tell about a problem you are solving or would want to solve; Who inspires you the most? What things do you want to achieve in life? Example #2 We are living in the times when media and internet have occupied firm positions in every person’s life. It will be fair to say that the media has the most solid impact on society. Education is very important because it helps us to share personal views on various things and helps us get ready for the future carrier. I want to combine both education and media because I dream of becoming a journalist. While media is powerful and has a positive impact on millions of people, there are also many dishonest journalists, who only care about how many clicks their reports and posts will gain. That is why I want to contribute to society and use Internet platforms to give people information on important problems and issues. Even though I don’t have many years of experience working as a journalist, I still have a solid education with knowledge on how to build my future career. During my high school years I have been working as an editor of the website and school paper. I reported on the latest events and covered problems of students, stirring debates and discussions. Due to my work ethics and aspirations, I always meet deadlines and move myself forward to learn more about every topic. I want to become part of the program for many reasons. A thorough research made me realize that your program is perfect for achieving all of my aspirations in the chosen field. With its help I will greatly improve my writing skills, sharpen my knowledge and grow on both professional and a personal level. Professional assistance Once you have written a personal statement you may think that it is time to breathe out. However, if you want to be accepted, you can’t deliver your paper without editing it. Unfortunately, we are not objective when it comes to evaluating our own works. We see the paper as we imagine it, not as it really is. That is when our editors and proofreaders can be of great help! Our professional specialists have many years of experience and can improve your paper with ease. They will polish your personal statement and give valuable tips on how to achieve the best results. In case you don’t have enough time to write your personal statement or want to entrust it to professionals, you can contact us or leave a request through the order form. Writing a personal statement will improve the following aspects: Your writing skills; Chances of being accepted; Spelling; Grammar; Formatting; Your tranquility.

Critically discuss how language differences between home and host Essay

Critically discuss how language differences between home and host country can influence MNCs entry mode strategy - Essay Example However, these language barriers can have different effects on different entry modes. The extent of MNCs exposure to language barrier will therefore depend on their entry mode. Moreover, there are various literature examining the effect of formal institutions and informal institutions (mainly language) on entry mode choice. Although the effect of language on entry mode choice is relatively understudied, there exist studies that examine the impact of language on some of the entry modes separately. The rising level of globalization has become of immense importance currently. More and more firms commence to look to foreign lands to increase their businesses as the globe becomes more and more interwoven. To manage such operations across foreign boundaries has become of the biggest issues for international firms today (Egger, 2012). The international economy has formulated a business framework which needs firms to look past the traditional reasoning of the home market, and commence instead observing at businesses from a foreign global view. The technique a firm venture from their market to new foreign markets geographically is of immense importance for how best the firm attains its goals with their various businesses. Small and average sized companies, which have taken their choice to internationalize, need to grow into foreign markets face the setback of deciding on the best structural framework. There are numerous factors, which encourage firms to commence their operations in foreign markets (Feely, 2003). The most common include the hope for economies of scale, the experience curve effects outcome from an expanded level of outputs, and the reality of the existence of markets which are beneficial in the international markets which is not present at home. It can be believed that the developing in dissemination of information, progress in travel conditions, decrease in tariff issues and others have

Gold buying trends and investment in saudi arabia Research Paper

Gold buying trends and investment in saudi arabia - Research Paper Example These conditions illustrate market failure since the investors are not aware of the possible opportunities (Trivedi & Behera 2012). Real estate investment is the most preferred option among the Saudi Arabian investors in comparison to gold (Smith 2011). Such occurs since the interest rates are low, the environment has a higher liquidity, there is a population increase and the demand for housing is high (Kelly 2011). Moreover, the government does not have adequate housing projects, which indicates why investors venture on this opportunity of real estate investment. On the other hand, women depict a viable market for the gold since they create a strong demand for the commodity. Women need gold for gifts and jewelry they represent during ceremonies (Rivlin 2009). However, sudden increase in the price of gold makes women not to buy jewelry and focus on other alternative commodities. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that as the population increases, the demand for gold will increase. Since ancient civilization in the Hejaz area, Jeddah creates a unique gold market (Karunagaran 2013). This is because Jeddah has a sea port and acts as a main gate to al medina and Makah, which makes it a strategic market for gold on annual basis during the hosting of the pilgrims. Saudi Arabian Investors are also oriented on economic activities, which are related to mineral fuels. Such occurs since the country is involved with the exportation of mineral fuels (Middle East Monitor: Gulf 2014). Other investors focus on foreign direct and indirect investments because they regard such investments as lucrative in terms of the returns on their investments and earnings on profits. Their major focus of foreign investments is in the United Kingdom, Japan, United States, Germany, France and Switzerland (Erb & Harvey 2013). Investors favor other alternative investments instead of gold because they consider such investments to have low risks in comparison to gold trade investment.

Human Resources Planning at Tata Consultancy Services Limited

Human Resources Planning at Tata Consultancy Services Limited About the Company: Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS). Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS): is a software services consulting company, one of the largest provider of information technology and business process outsourcing services in Asia. Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is a flagship subsidiary of one of Indias largest and oldest conglomerate company, the Tata Group, which has interests in areas such as energy, telecommunications, financial services, manufacturing, chemicals, engineering, materials, government and healthcare. 2.1 Analysis of business factors in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The major factors that are taken into account while planning the human resource planning are: -Schedule of available resources -Skills of available resources Some of the minor factors: -Personality conflicts among the employees -Attendance History of the employees -Team player -willingness to work on given project Additional major factors: -Production forecasting -economic conditions which may cause the company to lay-off or cut-back, or increase their workforce. Issues in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The compensation management practices of Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) have taken as the major issues here. Their compensation management system was based on the Economic Value Added (EVA) model. By implementing this model in to the business, the salary of employees comprised of two parts of fixed and variable. The fixed salary will reach employees without any delay, but the variable part of the salary was arrived only after considering business unit EVA, Corporate EVA and also individual performance EVA. Based on this calculation, the employees can earn their salary. In the last quarter of the financial year 2007-2008, Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) has announced that it is in the critical situation, so as it has planned to slash 1.5% of the variable component of employees salaries since its EVA targets were not met by the third quarter of the financial year. This announcement is not only for Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) employees but also to the entire Indian IT industry. 2.2 Assessment of Human Resource Requirements in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The Company viewed their employees as their assets, so they have more concentrated on the efficient utilization of those assets. Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) had drawn criticism for its compensation structure. In view of the employees, the salaries were not on a par with industry standards. It has started to loss its employees as not in the situation to follow the Employee Stock Options (ESOP), which is being followed by its competitors. ESOP is one of the emerging tools to retain the employees with the Tata Consultancy Services Limited for a long time. In this situation, the management was collapsed with the current policies, and it tends to modify the strategies as per their norms in order to meet employees requirements as well as the targets setted by the company. To overcome the problem occurred, it is suggested by the Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) senior management to constantly keep the employees track of the vast intellectual assets, their skill sets, the status of projects on which they were working. Then, they have started to assess the required number of people available to be placed in the other new projects. 2.3 Developing human resource plan in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The human resource plan can include the assigned skill sets of the resources for a project and the degree in which they will be used. The plan should incorporate with the resources, the time and degree of usage, task or areas of applied resources. The following model relies on gap analysis and which links the human resource planning to overall business planning. Workforce Analysis in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) It is the process of analyzing and understanding the workforce and planning for projected shortages and surpluses in specific occupations and skill sets. In Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS), workforce analysis should be made based on their projects. So that only they can realize the needs to assess the further requirements or improvements what is to be made to the current plan. Internal Scan in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) What are the factors which affecting the Tata Consultancy Services Limited internally, that is to be identified. Then the required steps can be taken to create a solution and to enhance the HR capacity in order to meeting the Tata Consultancy Services Limitedal goals. The internal factors may be as: work environment, quality of work life, relationship with their peers/subordinates, etc., In Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS), internal factor which affecting HR capacity might be their compensation structure. Definitely, it will lead to create a problem while attaining the goals. So that, the grievances must be monitored by the management and also they should take preventive measures. External Scan in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) External scan means all environmental factors in which affecting the workforce capacity, HR priorities and emerging issues. Gap Analysis in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) After scanning the external factors, gap analysis can be made. It may consider the current and future HR needs. Priority Setting and Work Plan in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) Based on Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS)s priorities, environmental scan, and HR performance related data: major human resource priorities, strategies to achieve the desired outcome. Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The human resource plan ends up with monitoring and evaluating the workforce capacity and then reporting the results of the performance to measure performance, set targets, and finally the results can be integrated together to make decisions and to determine the future priorities. 2.3 Evaluation of Human Resource Plan in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) The above developed human resource plan can be implemented by Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) to overcome the above said problem. There are few things that apply to most human resources planning functions, and are important in making the process effective, or even to make it part of creating a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Human resource planning needs to be linked with the larger business planning or strategic planning process. It is not an end up process. The function is mean to support and enable the company to attain its business goals, so as such it needs to be linked to and driven by those business or strategic goals. HR planning is lead by the HR department and it should remember the whole process is to serve stakeholders and customers of the HR department. It cant be effective without an understanding of the company or Tata Consultancy Services Limited, its managers and employees, its mission and issues, etc and the environment in which it works. 3.1 Purpose of HRM policies in Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) Human Resource Management policies are the tool for communicating a companys basic management philosophies, commitment to fair employment practices and equal opportunity, and the expectations of employees. HR Manuals are primarily used to provide HR personnel with a systematic approach for handling human resources related activities to ensure company policies are enforced. It is designed to define policies and procedures that support basic management philosophies, outline company rules and requirements, clarify the companys expectations of its employees, and describe lines of authority and levels of responsibility. The HR manual provides a means for formalized, systematic documentation and communication of those policies and practices established by the company. HR policies ensure that everyone in the Company/Tata Consultancy Services Limited is treated fairly and consistently and that their contributions to the success of the Company are appropriately recognized and rewarded. All employees shall be fully aware of what the Company expects of them and what they, in return, should expect from the Company. HR Policies summarize the Companys responsibility to individuals and their responsibility to the Company. 3.2 Impact of Regulatory Requirements on HR Policies Every country has its own regulations, laws and regulatory bodies or agencies governing the manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution of products within the country. Also, every employee of the Company shall, in his business conduct, comply with all applicable laws and regulations, both in letter and in spirit, in all the territories in which he operates. The impact of regulations on policies of firms especially those who are technology-based limits the venture capital funding for these firms and affect what they can or intend to do and eventually limiting their capabilities to employ new hands thereby affecting the socio-economic fibre of the society.

Toyota V.S Ford

MGMT 341 Toyota Motor Corporation Vs. Ford Motor Corporation (Past to Present) THE GBAS MODEL Prepared for: Dr. Reed Nelson Prepared by: Jeremie J. Martin SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE SPRING 2011 Introduction This paper will be structured to focus on two of the leading automobile manufacturers in the industry to date. Toyota is the number one automobile manufacturer in terms of production and sales. Toyota is a foreign vehicle manufacturer located out of Japan founded in 1937. Ford is the second largest vehicle manufacturer in the United States and fifth largest worldwide.Ford was the eighth ranked overall vehicle manufacturer on the 2010 Fortune 500 list. Ford is known for producing the â€Å"Model T† in 1908 which will forever be known as the first affordable automobile in the United States. Each company will be introduced and described separately. After providing substantial information about each organization, a comparison will follow to highlight the difference s between the two. This comparison is imperative for the GBAS model. I will also make an assessment of the four facts or organization life, fit, trade-offs, opposites and if the elements come in packages.Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation is a foreign vehicle manufacturer based in Aichi, Japan. Toyota Motor Corporation came to the forefront in 1937; (TMC) is a variation of what originally used to be Toyota industries. Kiichiro Toyoda always envisioned creating a multinational automobile manufacturer and his dreams came to fruition three years earlier, when still with Toyota Industries, they created their first product which was the â€Å"Type A† engine and in 1936 came their first vehicle the â€Å"Toyota AA†.Today Toyota Motor Corporation group companies include Scion, Lexus,  Daihatsu  and  Hino Motors Toyota stepped into the national spotlight in the 1980’s when people started to realize that there was something different about their vehi cle. What stood out most was the exceptional quality and efficiency of Toyota vehicles. Japanese cars were lasting longer than American cars and also required less maintenance. At the time, there were several Japanese manufacturers competing in the market, but Toyota stood out the most.Toyota did not provide the most exciting designs, but what they did was design automobiles that were very consistent and more reliable than most vehicles at an affordable price. Also, Toyota had a canny ability to troubleshoot all of their problems and come back even stronger when one of their weaknesses was exposed. While stock prices of the Big 3 were falling in 2003, Toyota shares increased 24% over 2002. Toyota’s capitalization was higher than the combined capitalization of Ford, General Motors and Chrysler. (The Toyota Way, Pg 4) Toyota has the fastest product development process in the world.New cars and trucks take 12 months or less to design, while competitors typically take two years. Toyota is benchmarked as the best in its class by all of its peers and competitors throughout the world for high quality, high productivity, manufacturing speed and flexibility. (The Toyota Way, Pg 5) Toyota had a unique way of manufacturing their vehicles which is what helped them create differentiation from themselves and the market. The Toyota Production System and Lean production has dominated the industry for the last 10 years along with Six Sigma.During and before WWII, Toyota knew that mass production was not their strength. They were too small and disjointed to support high production values. Toyota decided to produce roughly 900 vehicles a month while on the other hand; Ford was about 10 times more productive. Toyota managers knew that if they were to survive, they would have to adapt to the mass production for the Japanese market. The problem was that they didn’t know how. The Toyota production system used many conceptions from those of Henry Ford, but the Japanese were determined to stick to the principles that Ford didn’t abide by.One very important principle was the concept of the â€Å"pull system†, which originated from American supermarkets. This system meant that Toyota would not replenish its parts until the next step in the process used up all of the original parts from the previous step. This directly relates to eliminating waste. At every step of the manufacturing process, Toyota uses â€Å"Kanbans† to signal the previous step when more parts need to be made. This creates the â€Å"pull† which continues back to the beginning of the cycle. Toyota also implements the philosophy of JIT into their manufacturing process.JIT is a set of principles that allows a company to produce and deliver products in small batches. This directly cuts down the lead time and allows them to meet specific customer needs. JIT allows Toyota to be responsive to customer demands; it also allows them to deliver the right items at the right time. â€Å"Kaizen† is also another principle Toyota stands on. The philosophy reaches for perfection and sustains TPS on a daily basis. Toyota refined their manufacturing process using these principles to make their organization more productive and less wasteful.What they didn’t know is that they also created a new paradigm in manufacturing that all types of businesses would eventually adopt. A common phrase around Toyota is â€Å"Before we build cars, we build people. † Toyota seeks to develop people so that they are strong contributors to the company culture and organizational development. The focus is to build a learning organization that seeks continuous improvement. That’s how they will ensure a guaranteed long term success hundreds of years from now. TMC management techniques’ goal is to develop their individuals, but at the same time promote effective teamwork.This technique is necessary for TPS to work. Creating a great culture comb ined with teamwork is the focal point of solving problems. The concept of bottom-up management is something that Toyota takes very seriously. Team leaders typically have about four to eight workers that they support and group leaders have about three or four groups. Toyota strongly believes in motivation theories when it comes to managing their employees. Their managers implement both internal and external management techniques.For example internally, Toyota applies Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs to them by providing their employees with job security, good pay, safe working conditions and a culture of continuous improvement. Externally, behavior modification has group leaders constantly on the production floor supervising employees and providing reinforcement. Toyota invests in their employees and in return they get committed individuals are willing to grow the company. Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company is a multinational automobile manufacturer based out of Detroit, Michiga n. It is the second largest automobile manufacture in the United States.Henry Ford founded and incorporated the organization in 1903. Under the Ford umbrella is the Lincoln brand and internationally Ford has some stake in Mazda and Aston Martin. There used to be several more brands associated with the company but due to harsh economic times in the United States, they were either discontinued or sold. Henry Ford is known for making the most affordable automobile (the â€Å"Model T†) and transcending the American auto industry. Most people think that he actually invented the automobile as well as the assembly line. Those are not the facts.Henry Ford did however use the assembly line to produce his â€Å"Model T†. From 1909-1927, he sold 15 million Model T vehicles at a cost of $829 dollars each. During World War One Ford in 1925 also manufactured aircrafts, but after the war ended they returned to only manufacturing autos. Ford’s mission is to be the worldwide lea der in the automotive industry and in other industries such as financial services. Ford values its people, products and profits. Some of their principles include commitment to the quality of the business they conduct, customer focus, continuous improvement, employment involvement and teamwork.Ford strategy is predicated by its vision of being a low-cost, high quality manufacturer in all of their products while simultaneously providing the best customer service possible. In the United States, Fordism was the system of  mass production and consumption characteristics of highly developed economies during the 1940’s-1960s. It was a philosophy that  aimed  to  achieve  higher productivity  by standardizing the  output, using conveyor assembly lines and breaking the  work  into small de-skilled tasks. It is a contrast from Taylorism, which is based off Fordism, which seeks to improve efficiency of machines and workers.Fordism combines them as one unit and looks ac hieve minimal cost and maximum profit. (Source: businessdisctionary. com/Fordism) An assembly line  is a  manufacturing  process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner in order to create a finished product. The immediate benefit of an assembly line is that it allows you to produce more products faster than if you were to handcraft them. Henry Ford made the assembly line famous in 1908 when he began the mass production of Model T’s. With the implementation of the assembly line, Ford was able to improve other aspects f the company such as reducing the labor hours it takes to produce a single vehicle as well as increased production numbers and parts (Wikipedia. com/assembly_line). The use of assembly lines and mass production processes forced Ford to start using large factories for manufacturing. They were the first automobile manufacturer to use large factories. During the late-2000’s recession when auto sales dropped 37%, Ford requested bailo ut money. They requested $9 billion dollars from the government and an additional $5 million for the department of energy.With this money, Ford vowed to make smaller, more gas efficient, vehicles as well as close down dealerships and sell Volvo. Ford didn’t need the money nor did they receive any money, but simply requested for funds because they did not want their competition to have a financial advantage over them. During the auto bailout, Ford was in a better financial position than Chrysler and GM which is the reason they didn’t receive any government funding. Ford’s approach to management organization was the mirror image of their assembly line: specialized, hierarchical and tightly controlled.Ford has always operated on a pressure system with middle management. The old Ford hierarchy was mechanistic in the sense that it was made to be modified, to be able to be adjusted over time. The structure was designed to be reactive to a slow changing environment. Fo rd’s management was very authoritarian, regimented and driven by fear. In light of Japanese competition, Ford shifted gears from the mechanistic theme of management to focus on participative management and product development. Narrative ComparisonToday, most companies try to implement some type of lean production or six sigma quality functions into their manufacturing processes. Initially, that was not the focus when it came to manufacturing vehicles. Toyota was the first organization to implement that strategy due to Japan being desecrated by two atomic bombs and not having the money or supplies to mass produce. Post WW II, Ford’s mass production system was designed to make large quantities and a limited number of models; they had no flexibility with their system. This is why all Model T’s were all black.The Japanese market was very small and fragmented for high production. Toyota needed to manufacture low volumes of several different models using the same asse mbly line to survive in the market. The demand for vehicles was not high enough to use individual assembly lines for each vehicle type. Ford had ton of cash after the war and they invested it all in large equipment and large factories to house the equipment. This was to support the strategy of mass production. However, there was an issue with all the large volumes being produced, which caused Toyota to take a similar, but opposing manufacturing strategy to Ford.Ford’s processes were detached from each other due to the large volumes. This cause delays in the process and allowed large amounts of material to sit and become work in progress inventory. Also, workplaces were disorganized and out of control, some Ford factories looked like warehouses. Toyota had the idea of â€Å"one-piece flow† where one piece of a product moves from one stage to the next stage, one piece at a time. This was opposite to what was happening over at Ford where several pieces of a product were b eing made simultaneously at one stage, then moved on to the next stage.Toyota used Ford’s ideology of a continuous process of materials throughout the manufacturing cycle while at the same time eliminating waste. Toyota didn’t have a lot of money or factories after the war so that had to be very precise in their manufacturing. They didn’t produce large volumes of just one type of vehicle. One-piece flow allowed Toyota the flexibility to change their process according to the demand of the market. Toyota adopted Ford’s manufacturing process, but made it more efficient and flexible. Toyota’s management philosophy was to develop their employees to become leaders within the company.This was their method of growing the company. Toyota knew that making all of their employees and integral part of the organization was the best way to build commitment within the company and a sure way to achieve all of its objectives. Ford on the other hand implemented a mor e authoritarian management philosophy where all of the pressure was put on middle management and not as much attention was given to the employees who were the key to their day to day operations. Ford primary focus was on production and the bottom line numbers.Mass production to make as many vehicles as possible is what drove them to implement such management techniques. The Discussion of goals, boundaries and activity systems. (GBAS Model) After the comparisons and noting the differences between Ford Motor Company and Toyota Motor Company, the GPAS model can be applied to see how effective both companies are at managing fit, trade-offs, packages and opposites. BOUNDARIES: In terms of customers, the Japanese market was very small, so Toyota knew that they would have produce small numbers of vehicles in various different models.Mass production wouldn’t work for them in the market because the customer demand was not high enough for that type of production system. Ford had a larg e U. S. market as well as an international market at the time so they were producing vehicles for everyone. When Henry Ford invented this inexpensive vehicle, there was a high demand for it and he sold millions of vehicles. Mass production worked well for high customer demand and the system made Ford a lot of money in a short amount of time. While Toyota remained in the automotive industry producing vehicles and engines, Ford tried its hand providing other services.Ford Motor Credit Company is the financial partner of Ford Motor Company. The purpose of the company was to handle automobile loans of Ford and also to offer loans and leases to other consumers. When it came to products, Toyota had an advantage. They designed they’re production system to be flexible due to the low customer demand in the Japanese market; therefore they were able to produce different types of vehicles at a faster pace than Ford. Although Ford produced more vehicles than Toyota they did not have the a bility to change the different models or colors of their vehicles within their assembly system.The mass production system was beneficial because it satisfied high customer demand, but it was limited in the way that it could only make huge quantities of one model. Originally Model T’s were only all black because Ford lacked the flexibility to change colors. Ford used its mass production system to make millions of Model T’s and later Model A’s. Ford also took its hand briefly in the aviation industry during the First World War building engines. Ford’s most successful airplane was the Ford 4AT Trimotor, but after the war was over Ford went back primarily to the utomotive industry. In terms of accessibility, Toyota was limited to the Japanese Market, they did not have the ability to manufacture vehicles elsewhere nor did they have the demand. After the atomic bomb Toyota had very little cash and lacked the infrastructure to compete outside of Japan. On the ot her hand, Ford had huge amounts of cash from the success of the Model T and they had a huge U. S and international market to sell too. Also, Ford had a huge supply system to support all of their manufacturing efforts. ACTIVITY SYSTEMS:Toyota’s activity systems were based around the central theme of their production system which was eliminating waste. When it came to manufacturing the company focused on continuous improvement, lean production and the Toyota Production system. Continuous Improvement also known as Kaizen, is a process that has lead Toyota to be a very lean and productive company. Kaizen strives for perfection and helps sustain the TPS system. The purpose of continuous improvement is to always become better, regardless whether the gains are large or small.Toyota felt that if they continually improved their processes, they would be able to eliminate as much waste as possible while remaining overly productive. Toyota formed small work groups within the workplace to ensure effective teamwork and to develop the skills of their employees. This also encouraged discussion amongst employees and it helped them make some of the decisions in the manufacturing process opposed to putting all the pressure on middle management. The Toyota Production System is a system that is composed of all of Toyota’s processes and principles in order to achieve a high level of quality production standards.JIT, Kaizen, One piece flow and continuous improvement theories combine to create a system that changed the way production standards were measured. Using many of the lessons preached by Henry Ford, Toyota evolved a system that helped them overcome challenges in a deplorable economy. At the same time they created a system that has been adapted in many other industries outside the automotive world. Ford, the American powerhouse, also believed in a continuous production flow, but they were not as cautious as the Japanese due to being in a better financial situatio n post WWII.They produced millions of model T’s with the help of assembly lines, large factories and a system of mass production to keep up with the high customer demand for the world’s most inexpensive automobile. Ford’s production system was an adaptation of their market and they took full advantage. They had access to complete systems supplies in combination with a lot of cash which tremendously increased their profit margins in 15 years. GOALS: Toyota’s goal was to create a system similar to Ford’s mass productions system, but at the same time adapt it to the Japanese market.The Japanese were producing automobiles for a market of customers who were not buying vehicles half as much as customers were buying autos in the United States. Even though there was a low demand for automobiles, the Japanese did demand different models, so their system had to be flexible enough to shift with the customers demand. In terms of creating the production system, Toyota aimed for a very lean system. A system that would be very cautious in using raw materials and cash in order to prevent being wasteful. Also, Toyota wanted a very clean and organized workplace in order to utilize all of the warehouse space that they did have.Toyota aimed to produce small quantities of quality products to meet specific customer needs. Ford was all about big business, money and power. Ford’s goal was to take over the automobile industry with the invention of the Model T. It was clear what their objective was by looking at the way they manufactured automobiles. Ford believed in standardization, but they never manufactured more than one type of motor car in the same facility. They were so focused on making the Model T a commodity that they did not focus on their other brand Lincoln. Ford’s customer base was broad.The Model T was marketed on a national level as a very inexpensive vehicle. Ford had the luxury of dealing with a high demand in the U. S and International market. Ford however, did not offer a variety of models to choose from. They only produced one vehicle in one color. Several years later they began producing the Model A. Due to the high demands at the time, customers did not pay attention to how inflexible Ford’s production system was. Although Ford may not have been as good as Toyota, they were also advocates of lean production and continuous improvement.Ford felt that their materials were more important than their employees, an opposing view of Toyota. Ford learned that wasted materials eventually became wasted money and frantically began to search for solutions to be more productive with their raw materials. Eventually Ford had the notion that they owed it to society to be more conservative of their materials. Summary of GPAS: ToyotaFord Boundaries: Narrow, Stable Broad, Stable Activity Systems: Simple, Flexible Complex, Inflexible Goals: Impermeable Permeable THE FOUR FACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LIFEDiscuss ion of fit: There is organizational fit between the boundaries, activity systems and goals of both Ford Motor Company and Toyota Motor Company. There are differences between the two companies, but both companies were competing in different markets therefore they had to adjust to the wants and needs of their customers. Ford has very permeable boundaries. Their complex and inflexible system which consisted of mass production, large factories, large machinery and assembly lines was imperative in order to satisfy the demand of their customers in the U. S and international market.Ford was able to establish a very credible and trustworthy relationship with its customers by satisfying their needs in a timely fashion. The permeable boundaries and complex activity system fit very tightly with customers who were in the market for a vehicle manufactured by Ford. Toyota Motor Company has significantly less permeable boundaries than does Ford, therefore their activity system is simple and more f lexible. The fact that Toyota had a significantly smaller market to manufacture vehicles for did not stop them working at a faster pace and creating higher quality vehicles.Their activity system was designed for customers who wanted different types of automobiles in different colors. They also wanted quality vehicles that would last for a long time to avoid high vehicle turnover. This flexible system was perfect for the struggling Japanese market post World War II. Things come in packages: Ford Motor Company was in a great position post WWII. They had tons of cash, access to a complete supply system, and a high demand for their products in the market and huge factories and equipment to make thousands of automobiles. Those resources helped reinforce their needs to make their automobiles a commodity worldwide.When comparing the two organizations, it is clear that Ford has more permeable boundaries than Toyota. On the contrary, less permeable boundaries made it more difficult for custo mers outside of the Japanese market to get a Toyota vehicle. They had not made their vehicles a commodity yet, but that was not their focus. After being desecrated by two atomic bombs, the Japanese manufacturing focused on making small amounts of quality vehicles. Making more quality vehicles using the one-piece flow process increased the skills and intelligence of the employees which directly helped grow the company.Having a lower customer demand allowed Toyota the time to perfect their craft and create a system that would change the manufacturing world. There are opposites: In terms of activity systems and boundaries, comparing Toyota to Ford is like comparing the tortoise to the hare. Ford was the automobile powerhouse with all its large equipment and mass production processes, producing vehicles at a very affordable price. On the other hand, Toyota was very conservative and waste less with their TPS system when it came to putting automobiles on the market.This was a classic exam ple of the â€Å"Quality vs. Quantity† argument. Ford had created a commodity; they became a pioneer in the automobile industry providing the masses with thousands of vehicles at a time. They had a huge customer base and the infrastructure to provide their products and services worldwide. Toyota had a flexible system that created quality vehicles in a timely manner as well, just not as in much bulk as did Ford. They had an advantage over Ford in the fact that could offer a variety of vehicles with shorter lead times.Ford had a very inflexible system and very long lead times, credited to their mass production system. Toyota’s system was more productive with their raw materials. They wanted to avoid work in progress inventories in their factories which lead to them incorporating a â€Å"pull system† into their manufacturing process. There are trade-offs: In comparing the two companies to each other, the trade-offs between the two become very obvious. Toyota offers a quality of vehicles that Ford can’t produce and Ford offers a price that Toyota can’t compete with.Ford offered lower prices because supplies were not scarce and they had complete access. Also, after the war Ford had a ton of cash so they could provide their automobiles at a cheap price in hopes of making it a commodity. Their activity system allowed them to only make standardized products without any customization. With the luxury of having a high customer demand, Ford remained efficient. Toyota’s system which used JIT principles which allowed them to manufacture products in smaller quantities, with shorter lead times to meet specific customer’s needs.This was a very flexible system which helped them offer an option of customization for their automobiles while still providing a high level of quality. CONCLUSION Ford paved the way for the automobile industry when they began the mass production of their Model T’s in 1908. The use of the assembly lines helped them sell thousands of vehicles and make millions of dollars in a short period of time. Toyota came along and used the same principles that Ford used, but refined their process to be more productive by using the ideology of continuous improvement.Toyota wanted to become less wasteful, produce smaller batches of automobiles and create higher quality products within a flexible system that would allow them to react to customer demands without long lead times. By creating this flexible system, Toyota put their company in a better position than Ford. In order to be a leader in the automobile industry you must be able to react quickly to the market demands and provide the customers with a quality product in a reasonable amount of time. The TPS system allows Toyota to do that, while Ford would be in a world of trouble with inventory concerns because of their mass production system.Even though both companies had very different beginnings, each has been successful in the automob ile industry. They will continue to use each other as benchmarks when trying to create the best automobile possible for their customers. Comparison of Differences ToyotaFord One-Piece Flow Mass Production Low market demand High Market Demand Flexible manufacturing Inflexible Manufacturing No cash Cash and Assets High Quality Standard quality Shorter lead times Extremely long lead timesHigher costs Very inexpensive automobiles Employees manufactured Assembly Lines No warehouses Huge Factories and Warehouses Multiple types of vehicles Two models (Model A & T) TPSManufacturing ideas set grounds for TPS Lean Manufacturing Very wasteful BIBLIOGRAPHY Liker, Jeffrey K. The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer. 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